QUESTIONS

1. List the 5 components of the axial skeleton.
2. List the 3 categories of head shape in dogs. Briefly describe each and state a breed typical of each example.
3. What are the 2 main components of the skull?
4. What is the name of the large hole at the back and towards the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord enters the cranial cavity?
5. What is the name of the flat area at the back of the skull to which the muscles that support the head on the neck attach?
6. Where are the occipital condyles located?
7. What are the names of the 2 prominences located on either side of the occipital condyles?
8. What is the name of the opening where the external ear canal attaches to the skull?
9. What is housed by the tympanic bulla?
10. Name the 3 bones that contribute to the hard palate.
11. What is the correct name for the nose pad?
12. What bones are located behind the frontal bones?
13. What is contained within the orbits?
14. What is the name of the cartilaginous structure which divides the nasal chamber longitudinally into 2 sections?
15. What are the names of the thin, scroll-like bones covered with ciliated mucous epithelium within each nasal chamber?
16. What are the names of the delicate bones which carry smell receptors in their covering mucous membrane?
17. What is the name of the site where the dentaries join together at the chin?
18. What is the name of the site where the temporal muscle is attached?
19. What is the name of the site where the masseter muscle is attached?
20. Name the 2 main bony components of the lower jaw.
21. Describe the structure and function of the hyoid apparatus.
22. State the 5 regions that the vertebrae are divided into, and the number of vertebrae in each.
23. List 4 generalised properties of vertebrae.
24. What is the term that describes the 1st cervical vertebra?
25. What is the term that describes the 2nd cervical vertebra?
26. What is the name of the cranially projecting process attached to the body of the axis?
27. What is the name of the ligament which attaches the neural spine of the axis to the neural spine of the atlas thus assisting with the support of the head?
28. What are fovea?
29. What is the function of the sacrum?
30. What is the name of the ligament that runs from the sacrum to the sciatic tuberosity on the pelvic bone which supports much of the musculature of the rump?
31. How many sets of ribs do the dog and the cat possess?
32. Name the 2 articulations of the ribs with the thoracic vertebrae.
33. What is the 13th rib known as, and why?
34. What is the name of the structure which is composed of the distal ends of the 1st 8 ribs (sternebrae)?
35. What is the name of the bony prominence projecting from the cranial end of the 1st sternebra?
36. What is the name of the flap of cartilage which is attached to the last sternebra?
37. What is meant by the term "false ribs"? List 3 differences between true and false ribs.