ANSWERS

Note: Those questions marked with an asterisk are not essential for NVQ level 3, but may be useful for further study or Diploma candidates.

1. Name and briefly describe one type of towel clip.
   • Backhaus - a racked towel clip for secure, accurate fixation.
   • Mayo - as Backhaus but larger.
   • Jones - a cross action towel clip.
2. What sized blades fit a number 3 scalpel handle?
   8-15.
3. What sized blades fit a number 4 scalpel handle?
   20-25.
4. A number 9 scalpel handle takes blades 8-15, but how does it differ to a number 3 handle?
   It is finer and subsequently lighter.
5. * What is a Bard-Parker?
   A type of scalpel handle.
6. Name 4 different types of needle holder.
   • Bruce-Clarke.
   • Fosters.
   • Gillies.
   • Kilner.
   • Lawson Tait.
   • Mayo-Hegar.
   • McPhail.
   • Olson-Hegar.
7. What are Rampley's sponge holding forceps designed for?
   Holding swabs for preparation of the surgical site with skin disinfectant.
8. What are the forceps called that are used to lay out an instrument trolley in a sterile fashion?
   Cheatles.
9. What is another name for artery forceps?
   Haemostats.
10. What 2 factors must be checked prior to the use of haemostats?
    • Alignment.
    • Ratchet mechanism.
11. Name 3 types of haemostat.
    • Cairns.
    • Crile.
    • Halstead mosquito.
    • Kelly.
    • Rochester Pean.
    • Spencer Wells.
12. Which of your answers to Q11 would you select as ideal for all fine surgery?
    Halstead mosquito.
13. Which of your answers to Q11 would you select as the ideal forcep for clamping large vessels and organs?
    Rochester Pean.
14. What are Mayo scissors generally used for?
    The cutting of dense tissue.
15. What are Metzenbaum scissors generally used for?
    The cutting and dissecting of delicate tissue.
16. * What is the name of the angled scissors used for cardio-vascular work?
    Potts scissors.
17. What are Lister scissors designed for?
    The safe cutting of bandages and casts.
18. What are Bohler's scissors designed for?
    The safe cutting of plaster casts.
19. What are Heath scissors designed for?
    The cutting of sutures.
20. * What are Aufricht scissors designed for?
    Dissection and precise cutting.
21. * What is the name of the scissors that have all the advantages and familiarity of Mayo scissors but are scaled down for fine surgery (e.g. ocular surgery)?
    Strabismus scissors.
22. Allis, Babcock and Doyen are all types of what?
    Tissue forcep.
23. Allis tissue forceps should not be used on skin or hollow organs. Can you explain why, and suggest a suitable type for clamping the bowel?
    Allis tissue forceps are fairly traumatic. The Doyen forceps are specially designed bowel clamps.
24. What is another name given to thumb forceps?
    Dressing forceps.
25. Name 3 types of thumb forceps.
    • Adson.
    • Brown-Adson.
    • Cooley.
    • DeBakey.
    • Jeans.
    • Semkin.
26. * Which 2 of your answers to Q17 are atraumatic for cardiovascular work?
    • Cooley.
    • DeBakey.
27. What is the purpose of a suction piece?
    Removal of blood or other fluid from a surgical field.
28. Name 1 type of suction piece.
    • Frazier Ferguson.
    • Poole.
    • Yankauer.
29. Name 1 type of rat-toothed forcep.
    • Approximating.
    • Bonney.
    • Gillies.
    • Treves.
    • Waugh.
30. Name 1 type of non-dissecting forcep.
    • Debakey.
    • Dressing.
    • McIndoe.
      
      NB. Adson dissecting forceps are available in both toothed and non-toothed patterns.
      
31. * What are Angiotribes?
    Extremely strong clamps with interlocking jaws that clamp securely without crushing. They are ideal for use in bitch spays.
32. State the 2 categories of retractor.
    • Hand held.
    • Self retaining.
33. Name 2 types of self retaining retractor.
    • Alm.
    • Balfour.
    • Finochietto.
    • Gelpi.
    • Gosset.
    • Travers.
    • Turvier.
    • West.
34. * Which type of self retaining retractor is commonly known as "rib spreaders"?
    Finochietto.
35. Name 2 types of hand held retractor.
    • Hohmann.
    • Kilner.
    • Langenbeck.
    • Malleable.
36. What are Liston and Ruskin cutters designed for?
    The cutting of bone.
37. What is the correct term for "bone nibbling forceps"?
    Rongeurs.
38. * List 3 types of rongeur.
    • Kerrison.
    • Lempert.
    • Stille Luer.
39. * What is the name of the ronguers specially designed for fine spinal work?
    Kerrison.
40. * Bone holding forceps are used to manipulate and hold fragments of bone in place (with or without ratchets). Can you name 3 types?
    • Lowman.
    • Reduction.
    • Spin (speed) Lock.
41. Name an instrument used for cutting bone in conjunction with a mallet.
    Chisel.
42. What is the main difference between a chisel and an osteotome?
    A chisel has 1 bevelled edge, whilst an osteotome has 2 bevelled edges and a central cutting edge.
43. * Name 1 type of osteome.
    Lambotte.
44. What is a depth gauge used for?
    In orthopaedics; used to determine the length of screw needed to penetrate the bone. The end of the gauge is inserted into the drill hole and hooked over the distal surface. The sleeve is then advanced against the bone plate and the thumb screw is tightened. The gauge is then withdrawn and the quarter inch calibrations on the stem indicate the length of screw required.
45. What is the name of the instrument used for the extraction of Steinman pins, in open pinning (particularly of the femur)?
    Bone pin grip.
46. * Name a type of bone pin introducer.
    Leighton's.
47. Name 1 type of bone holding forceps.
    • Burn's.
    • Fergusson's.
    • Hey Grove's.
48. Name a type of curette.
    Volkmann's bone spoon.
49. During which operation might the veterinary surgeon use a McFarlane's teresector?
    Excision arthroplasty of the femoral head.
50. What instrument is used to shape grooves for tendon transfer (a method used for repairing ruptured cruciate ligaments)?
    Putti rasp.
51. What is Gigli wire used for?
    For cutting (used with a pair of Gigli saw handles).
52. Name 4 types of bone pin and briefly describe each.
    • Arthrodesis - very small.
    • Kirschner - small with a flattened point.
    • Rush - curved.
    • Steinman - larger than Kirschner with a trocar point.
53. What are finger plates?
    Small, stainless steel orthopaedic implants suitable for toy breeds such as the Yorkshire terrier.
54. Sherman and Venables are 2 types of what?
    Bone plates.
55. How would you quickly recognise acetabular plates?
    They are curved (used for open reduction of the hip joint).
56. What are DCP's?
    Dynamic compression plates - used for internal fracture fixation. These must be "tapped". The screw holes are oval in shape so that screws inserted concentrically will provide compression across fracture gaps. ASIF screws are required and these can be recognised by their hexagonal pattern screw driver insertion point on the head of the screw.
57. Why are DCP plates preferable to other bone plate?
    They provide active compression of the fracture site.
58. What does ASIF stand for?
    The Association for the Study of Internal Fixation.
59. * What is a Snellen's vectis used for?
    Ophthalmic surgery; manipulation of the lens during extracapsular extraction.
60. * St Martin's and Barraquer's are examples of what?
    Corneal forceps.
61. * Pooley's and Castroviejo's are examples of what?
    Ophthalmic scissors (Pooley's are used for conjunctival cutting, whilst Castroviejo's are used for corneal cutting).
62. * What is the name of the forcep used to remove residual lens material during extracapsular extraction?
    Arruga's intracapsule forceps.
63. * Name 2 types of lachrymal cannula.
    • Harrison Butler.
    • Lang.
64. What is a trephine?
    An instrument used to bore holes into the skull. An example is Horsley's trephine.