ANSWERS

1. Give an example of a rickettsial disease.
   Haemobartonellosis.
2. What is the common name for haemobartonellosis?
   Feline infectious anaemia (FIA).
3. Name 2 other infectious diseases of cats that are associated with feline infectious anaemia.
   • Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV).
   • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
4. What infectious disease of cats is caused by a coronavirus?
   Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
5. What infectious disease of cats is caused by a species specific retrovirus?
   Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV).
6. Name the main neoplastic condition associated with FeLV.
   Lymphosarcoma.
7. Of all the infectious agents that affect cats, which virus is the single most important cause of mortality?
   Feline Leukaemia virus (FeLV).
8. What infectious disease of cats is caused by an RNA retrovirus?
   Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
9. Describe the symptoms of chlamydial disease in cats.
   • Conjunctivitis (at first, just one eye may be affected, but the other is usually involved between 5-21 days later).
   • Ocular discharge.
   • Nasal discharge.
   • Sneezing.
   • Anorexia due to loss of olfaction (sense of smell).
   • Pneumonia as a result of secondary infections.
   Chlamydia is primarily a cause of upper respiratory disease in the cat, with symptoms mostly confined to the eyes and nose.
10. Why is chlamydial disease difficult to control?
    Symptoms tend to persist for 8 weeks plus, and in some cases can last for several months. Following recovery, previously infected cats can display recurrent episodes, particularly in multi-cat households. Natural immunity to the disease is short-lived, and some cats continue to excrete the organism for some time after infection.
11. What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats?
    Pneumonitis caused by Chlamydia psittaci.
12. What is the incubation period of feline pneumonitis?
    4-10 Days.
13. By what other names may feline panleucopenia also be known?
    • Feline infectious enteritis (FIE).
    • Feline distemper.
    • Feline parvovirus.
14. List 5 ways in which feline panleucopenia is transmitted.
    • Via saliva.
    • Via vomit.
    • Via faeces.
    • Via urine.
    • Via fleas.
15. What is the common name for feline upper respiratory disease (FURD)?
    Cat 'flu.
16. Name the 3 viruses associated with FURD.
    • Feline calicivirus (FCV).
    • Feline herpes virus 1 (FHV-1).
    • Reovirus.
17. What is the most common route of infection for FURD?
    Aerosol.
18. List 6 complications that may arise post recovery from FURD.
    • Keratitis.
    • Corneal ulceration.
    • Bronchopneumonia (lower respiratory disease)
    • Chronic rhinitis.
    • Latent carrier of FHV-1/persistent excretor of FCV.
    • Relapse - symptoms may recur as a result of stress, certain drugs (steroids) and other concurrent infection.
19. What is the incubation period of FURD?
    2-10 Days.
20. What breed of cat is often infected with FURD?
    The Siamese.
21. In addition to dogs, what other species may be infected with distemper?
    • Foxes.
    • Badgers.
    • Mink.
    • Ferrets.
22. What is the most common route of infection for canine distemper?
    Aerosol spread.
23. In addition to being spread by the aerosol route, how else may distemper be transmitted?
    • Via urine.
    • Via vomit.
    • Via saliva.
    • Via nasal or ocular discharge.
    • Via faeces.
24. What is the name of the virus that causes distemper?
    Morbillivirus.
25. What tissues are targeted chiefly by the distemper virus?
    • Those of the respiratory system.
    • The conjunctiva.
    • The nose.
    • The pads of the feet.
    • Those of the nervous system.
26. What is the incubation period of distemper?
    7-21 Days.
27. There are many clinical signs of distemper. List them.
    • Anorexia.
    • Coughing.
    • Conjunctivitis.
    • Dehydration.
    • Dentition changes in dogs younger than 6 months of age.
    • Depression.
    • Diarrhoea.
    • Exudative pneumonia.
    • Hyperkeratosis of the nose and the feet pads.
    • Neurological signs in some acute cases.
    • Pharyngitis.
    • Pyrexia.
    • Rhinitis.
    • Tonsillitis.
    • Vomiting.
28. By what other name might canine distemper be known?
    Hardpad.
29. By what other name is infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) also known?
    Rubarth's disease.
30. In addition to dogs, what other species may be infected by ICH?
    Foxes.
31. What 3 tissue types are primarily targeted by the ICH virus?
    • Liver.
    • Lymphoid tissue.
    • Vascular endothelium.
32. Name the 2 viruses associated with ICH.
    • Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1).
    • Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2).
33. What risk is associated with the use of vaccination against ICH with the CAV-1 virus?
    Blue eye.
34. State the main route of entry for the CAV-1 and CAV-2 viruses.
    • CAV-1 - via ingestion.
    • CAV-2 - via aerosol.
35. What condition affects 20% of dogs following recovery from ICH?
    Corneal oedema.
36. What is the incubation period of ICH?
    5-9 Days.
37. Give 2 other names by which canine contagious respiratory disease (CCRD) may be known.
    • Tracheobronchitis.
    • Kennel cough.
38. What is the primary pathogen associated with CCRD?
    Bordetella bronchiseptica.
39. In addition to B bronchiseptica, name the other viruses associate with CCRD.
    • Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1).
    • Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2).
    • Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV).
    • Canine herpes virus (CHV).
    • Reovirus.
40. There are many sero-types of leptospirosis, but only 2 are significant in the dog. Can you name them?
    • Leptospira canicola.
    • Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae.
41. By what other name might L icterohaemorrhagiae be known?
    Weil's disease.
42. What is the main source of infection of leptospirosis?
    Dog and rat urine.
43. In addition to being spread via urine, how else may leptospirosis be transmitted?
    • Via penetrative skin wounds.
    • Via cuts and abrasions.
    • Transplacentally.
    • Via sexual contact.
44. Which infectious disease of the dog is associated with myocarditits in puppies?
    Canine parvovirus (CPV).