QUESTIONS

1. What are the 4 main reasons for fluid therapy?
2. Define shock.
3. What percentage of the adult body weight of an animal is water?
4. Why is the average water content of young animals higher than that of adults?
5. Which hormone is responsible for the control of urine concentration?
6. Where is antidiuretic hormone stored?
7. When water intake is decreased, or when increased fluid loss occurs, what 2 events take place?
8. What hormone is released in the event of reduced renal blood flow and why?
9. Obese animals have a lower water content than animals at their optimum weight, why is this?
10. What is an electrolyte?
11. What is a cation?
12. What is an anion?
13. Name the main cation of extracellular fluid.
14. Name the main anion of extracellular fluid.
15. Name the main cation of intracellular fluid.
16. What is the largest fluid component of the body?
17. Where in the body is most intracellular fluid located?
18. Extracellular fluid (ECF) makes up one third of the body's water content. What does ECF consist of?
19. What is the function of interstitial fluid?
20. What is plasma water?
21. List 10 substances contained within plasma water.
22. Define transcellular fluid.
23. What is a buffer solution?
24. What is pH?
25. What is acid-base balance?
26. What is metabolic acidosis? List possible causes.
27. What is metabolic alkalosis?
28. How does the body control dramatic hydrogen ion fluctuations?
29. What are the most important intracellular buffers?
30. Name the important extracellular buffers.
31. Define osmosis.
32. What is osmotic pressure?
33. Which blood protein is chiefly responsible for maintaining the difference between the osmotic pressure of plasma and interstitial fluid?