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The research analysed data from 6,349 rabbits that attended 107 veterinary care clinics across the UK.
The researchers found that the most common causes of death recorded by veterinary surgeons were flystrike (10.9% of pet rabbits), anorexia (4.9%), collapse (4.9%) and gut stasis (4.3%).
The average lifespan of pet rabbits was 4.3 years, although survival up to 14.4 years had been recorded. Male rabbits tend to live longer at 5.2 years on average compared to the 3.7 years females live on average.
The most common medical issues are overgrown nails (16%), overgrown molars (7.6%), dirty bums (4.5%), overgrown incisors (4.3%) and gut stasis (4.2%). Many of these problems are associated with inappropriate housing or feeding. However, the researchers also point out that the fact rabbits evolved as a prey species has not helped owners and vets. Evolution has meant rabbits can disguise external signs of disease so that they are less likely to be targeted by predators but this also makes it harder for owners to spot that their rabbit is ill until it is often too late.
The researchers say that they hope this new study will help owners and vets prioritise what signs of illness need to be monitored.
Other findings included:
Male rabbits are more likely than females to have overgrown claws, overgrown molars, overgrown incisors and dental disease.
The average age of pet rabbits presented to vets is 3.2 years in this country.
The average adult bodyweight of rabbits presented to vets is 2.1kg.
Dr Dan O’Neill, VetCompass researcher and Senior Lecturer at the RVC, said: "For years, rabbits were considered as the perfect child’s pet: fluffy, cute, passive and only needing minimal care and handling while being fed muesli-type food in a hutch in the garden where it was generally kept on its own.
"We now know that this level of care is completely unacceptable from a welfare perspective. This new paper can further improve the lives of rabbits by helping owners and vets to recognise the common health problems of rabbits and therefore to prioritise the key management factors that will make our rabbits even healthier. Rabbits don’t exhibit their suffering like other species so it behoves all of us to be prevent and recognise their problems."
Dr Jo Hedley, VetCompass researcher and Lecturer at the RVC, added: "This study definitely highlights some of the most common presentations seen in pet rabbits. Unfortunately, due to the rabbit’s ability to hide disease, signs of a problem are often non-specific and recognised far too late, hence the causes of death recorded are in fact often just end-stage symptoms of underlying disease. Many of the key medical issues are still problems that we should be able to completely prevent by appropriate husbandry, diet and health checks. Better owner education is necessary if we are to improve rabbit health and welfare in future years."
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Poor bunnies, education of owners is key!